- 歐洲央行宣布維持三大關鍵利率不變,存款機制利率維持在2.00%。最新數據顯示,1月通膨率降至1.7%,顯示物價正逐步回穩,符合中期目標預期
- 歐元區去年第四季經濟成長0.3%,服務業表現亮眼。儘管面臨地緣政治與貿易關稅的不確定性,整體經濟仍展現出強勁的抗跌韌性,失業率維持低檔
- 企業持續加大數位科技與AI投資,加上政府在國防與基礎建設的支出,成為支撐內需的關鍵動力
根據歐洲央行(European Central Bank)在2026年2月5日發布的資料,管理委員會決議維持三大關鍵利率不變,並重申致力於將中期通膨率穩定在2%的目標。這項決策是在全球貿易政策不確定性與地緣政治緊張局勢升溫的背景下做出的,儘管外部環境充滿挑戰,但歐元區經濟仍展現出相當的韌性。
關鍵利率與貨幣政策現況
歐洲央行今日宣布,存款機制利率(deposit facility)、主要再融資操作利率(main refinancing operations)以及邊際貸款機制利率(marginal lending facility)分別維持在2.00%、2.15%與2.40%不變。
在資產購買計畫方面,資產購買計畫(APP)與疫情緊急購買計畫(PEPP)的投資組合正以可預測的步調縮減,歐元體系不再將到期證券的本金進行再投資。歐洲央行總裁拉加德(Christine Lagarde)強調,委員會將採取「依賴數據」且「逐次會議討論」的方式來決定適當的貨幣政策立場,並未對未來的利率路徑做出預先承諾。
通膨數據顯著回落:能源價格是關鍵
關於物價穩定的進展,歐元區的通貨膨脹率已從2025年12月的2.0%下滑至2026年1月的1.7%。
深入分析各項數據,能源價格的大幅下跌是主因,能源通膨率從前一個月的-1.9%進一步降至-4.1%。然而,食品價格通膨率則從2.5%微幅上升至2.7%;若扣除能源與食品的核心通膨率,則從2.3%放緩至2.2%。這些數據顯示,雖然部分項目仍有波動,但整體通膨壓力正在減緩,長期通膨預期仍穩定在2%左右。
經濟成長與就業市場展現韌性
儘管全球環境充滿挑戰,歐元區經濟在2025年第4季仍呈現0.3%的成長。這波成長主要由服務業推動,特別是資訊與通訊產業表現優異。製造業雖然面臨全球貿易逆風,但也展現出一定的韌性;建築業的動能則因公共投資的支持而有所回升。
就業市場方面,2025年12月的失業率微幅下降至6.2%,顯示勞動市場依然緊俏。勞工收入的成長加上家庭儲蓄率的降低,預期將支撐私人消費。此外,拉加德指出,企業正逐漸增加對新數位科技與人工智慧(AI)的投資,這不僅包含軟體與硬體,還涉及資料中心的建設,預期將對生產力提升產生正面效益。
地緣政治與全球貿易風險仍存
展望未來,歐洲央行認為經濟前景仍面臨不確定性。主要的風險來源包括俄羅斯對烏克蘭的戰爭等地緣政治緊張局勢,以及全球貿易政策的波動。如果關稅壁壘提高,可能會削弱歐元區的出口需求;反之,若歐元區企業能加速採用新科技並進行生產力改革,經濟成長動能可能會超出預期。
此外,保加利亞已於2026年1月1日正式加入歐元區,這表示歐元區成員國的進一步擴大,也證明單一貨幣的吸引力。
總結來說,歐洲央行目前的策略是在確保通膨回穩的同時,密切監控經濟數據與地緣政治發展,以靈活調整貨幣政策工具,維護歐元區的金融穩定。
Monetary policy decisions 5 February 2026
The Governing Council today decided to keep the three key ECB interest rates unchanged. Its updated assessment reconfirms that inflation should stabilise at its 2% target in the medium term. The economy remains resilient in a challenging global environment. Low unemployment, solid private sector balance sheets, the gradual rollout of public spending on defence and infrastructure and the supportive effects of the past interest rate cuts are underpinning growth. At the same time, the outlook is still uncertain, owing particularly to ongoing global trade policy uncertainty and geopolitical tensions.
The Governing Council is determined to ensure that inflation stabilises at its 2% target in the medium term. It will follow a data-dependent and meeting-by-meeting approach to determining the appropriate monetary policy stance. In particular, the Governing Council’s interest rate decisions will be based on its assessment of the inflation outlook and the risks surrounding it, in light of the incoming economic and financial data, as well as the dynamics of underlying inflation and the strength of monetary policy transmission. The Governing Council is not pre-committing to a particular rate path.
Key ECB interest rates
The interest rates on the deposit facility, the main refinancing operations and the marginal lending facility will remain unchanged at 2.00%, 2.15% and 2.40% respectively.
Asset purchase programme (APP) and pandemic emergency purchase programme (PEPP)
The APP and PEPP portfolios are declining at a measured and predictable pace, as the Eurosystem no longer reinvests the principal payments from maturing securities.
The Governing Council stands ready to adjust all of its instruments within its mandate to ensure that inflation stabilises at its 2% target in the medium term and to preserve the smooth functioning of monetary policy transmission. Moreover, the Transmission Protection Instrument is available to counter unwarranted, disorderly market dynamics that pose a serious threat to the transmission of monetary policy across all euro area countries, thus allowing the Governing Council to more effectively deliver on its price stability mandate.
The President of the ECB will comment on the considerations underlying these decisions at a press conference starting at 14:45 CET today.
圖資來源:歐洲央行
資料來源: 經濟日報
